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<p>Wegner duality is essential for <i>ℤ</i><sub>2</sub> lattice gauge theory, yet the duality on non-trivial topologies has remained implicit. We extend Wegner duality to arbitrary topology and dimension, obtaining a new class of Ising models, in which topology is encoded in non-local domain-wall patterns. Without the overhead of gauge constraints, simulating this model on an <i>L</i> × <i>L</i> torus requires only <i>L</i><sup>2</sup> qubits with two-body couplings, halving the conventional four-body coupled 2<i>L</i><sup>2</sup> qubits, enabling full experimental realization of <i>ℤ</i><sub>2</sub> lattice gauge theory on near-term devices.</p>

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ℤ2 lattice gauge theory on non-trivial topology and its quantum simulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Jiaqi Hu,
  • Shu Tian,
  • Xiaopeng Cui,
  • Rebing Wu,
  • Man-Hong Yung,
  • Yu Shi

摘要

Wegner duality is essential for ℤ2 lattice gauge theory, yet the duality on non-trivial topologies has remained implicit. We extend Wegner duality to arbitrary topology and dimension, obtaining a new class of Ising models, in which topology is encoded in non-local domain-wall patterns. Without the overhead of gauge constraints, simulating this model on an L × L torus requires only L2 qubits with two-body couplings, halving the conventional four-body coupled 2L2 qubits, enabling full experimental realization of ℤ2 lattice gauge theory on near-term devices.