<p>We study, as a concrete case study using the <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mo>→</mo> <mi>p</mi> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </mrow> </mfenced> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">¯</mo> </mover> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mo>→</mo> <mover accent="true"> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="true">¯</mo> </mover> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \Lambda \left(\to p{\pi}^{-}\right)\overline{\Lambda}\left(\to \overline{p}{\pi}^{+}\right) \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> system, whether quantum entanglement in fermion pairs produced at colliders can be certified solely using angular information from final-state decays, while remaining independent of the parity-violating decay parameters <i>α</i><sub>Λ</sub> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">¯</mo> </mover> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Building on a general decomposition of any angular observable in terms of Wigner d-functions, we show that the expectation value must take the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">¯</mo> </mover> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">¯</mo> </mover> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathcal{O}}_0+{\mathcal{O}}_1{\alpha}_{\Lambda}+{\mathcal{O}}_2{\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}}+{\mathcal{O}}_3{\alpha}_{\Lambda}{\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with coefficients 𝒪<sub><i>i</i></sub> (<i>i</i> = 0<i>,</i> 1<i>,</i> 2<i>,</i> 3) linear in the spin-density matrix elements <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\alpha}_{k,j}{\alpha}_{m,n}^{\ast } \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We obtain the value ranges of observables over the general and separable spaces of <i>α</i><sub><i>k,j</i></sub>, and demonstrate a sufficient entanglement condition for pure states, extending it to mixed states by convexity. In constructing an <i>α</i><sub>Λ</sub>- and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">¯</mo> </mover> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-independent witness from angular observables alone, we find that there are obstacles to probe quantum entanglement via the inequality-type and ratio-type ways. In particular, for the ratio-type criterion 〈<i>A</i>〉/〈<i>B</i>〉, the presence of zeros of 〈<i>B</i>〉 in both the general and separable spaces of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mfenced close=")" open="(" separators=","> <mi>k</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\alpha}_{k,j}\left(k,j=\pm \frac{1}{2}\right) \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> results in identical value ranges of 〈<i>A</i>〉/〈<i>B</i>〉 in the two spaces (covering the entire real line), thereby precluding any effective criterion. Finally, for this specific system, we present the successful constructions with additional spin information: for the process of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> <mo>→</mo> <mi>J</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">¯</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\Psi \to \Lambda \overline{\Lambda} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at an <i>e</i><sup>+</sup><i>e</i><sup><i>−</i></sup> collider, independent spin information provided by beam-axis selection enables the construction of normalized observables <i>f</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> (<i>i</i> = 1<i>,</i> 2) that are insensitive to <i>α</i><sub>Λ</sub> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo stretchy="true">¯</mo> </mover> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; if their measured values lie in <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <mfenced close="]" open="["> <mrow> <mfenced close=")" separators=","> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mfenced> <mo>∪</mo> <mfenced open="(" separators=","> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mn>1</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \left[\left.-1,-\frac{1}{2}\right)\cup \left(\frac{1}{2},1\right.\right] \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, entanglement is certified, irrespective of purity or mixedness.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Bypassing spin-analyzing power dependence for quantum entanglement at colliders: a case study of \( \Lambda \overline{\Lambda} \)

  • Junle Pei,
  • Tianjun Li,
  • Lina Wu,
  • Xiqing Hao,
  • Xiaochuan Wang

摘要

We study, as a concrete case study using the Λ p π Λ ¯ p ¯ π + \( \Lambda \left(\to p{\pi}^{-}\right)\overline{\Lambda}\left(\to \overline{p}{\pi}^{+}\right) \) system, whether quantum entanglement in fermion pairs produced at colliders can be certified solely using angular information from final-state decays, while remaining independent of the parity-violating decay parameters αΛ and α Λ ¯ \( {\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}} \) . Building on a general decomposition of any angular observable in terms of Wigner d-functions, we show that the expectation value must take the form O 0 + O 1 α Λ + O 2 α Λ ¯ + O 3 α Λ α Λ ¯ \( {\mathcal{O}}_0+{\mathcal{O}}_1{\alpha}_{\Lambda}+{\mathcal{O}}_2{\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}}+{\mathcal{O}}_3{\alpha}_{\Lambda}{\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}} \) , with coefficients 𝒪i (i = 0, 1, 2, 3) linear in the spin-density matrix elements α k , j α m , n \( {\alpha}_{k,j}{\alpha}_{m,n}^{\ast } \) . We obtain the value ranges of observables over the general and separable spaces of αk,j, and demonstrate a sufficient entanglement condition for pure states, extending it to mixed states by convexity. In constructing an αΛ- and α Λ ¯ \( {\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}} \) -independent witness from angular observables alone, we find that there are obstacles to probe quantum entanglement via the inequality-type and ratio-type ways. In particular, for the ratio-type criterion 〈A〉/〈B〉, the presence of zeros of 〈B〉 in both the general and separable spaces of α k , j k j = ± 1 2 \( {\alpha}_{k,j}\left(k,j=\pm \frac{1}{2}\right) \) results in identical value ranges of 〈A〉/〈B〉 in the two spaces (covering the entire real line), thereby precluding any effective criterion. Finally, for this specific system, we present the successful constructions with additional spin information: for the process of e + e J / Ψ Λ Λ ¯ \( {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\Psi \to \Lambda \overline{\Lambda} \) at an e+e collider, independent spin information provided by beam-axis selection enables the construction of normalized observables fi (i = 1, 2) that are insensitive to αΛ and α Λ ¯ \( {\alpha}_{\overline{\Lambda}} \) ; if their measured values lie in 1 1 2 1 2 1 \( \left[\left.-1,-\frac{1}{2}\right)\cup \left(\frac{1}{2},1\right.\right] \) , entanglement is certified, irrespective of purity or mixedness.