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<p>The internal structure of the Standard Model implies a natural ℤ<sub>4</sub> × ℤ<sub>3</sub> discrete gauge symmetry. Cancellation of the corresponding Dai-Freed anomalies requires the introduction of three right-handed neutrinos and three additional Majorana fermions <i>χ</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>. This gauge symmetry forbids the decay of the lightest fermion <i>χ</i><sub>1</sub> into Standard Model particles, rendering it automatically stable and providing a dark matter candidate without introducing an <i>ad hoc</i> stabilizing symmetry and domain-wall problem. The mass of <i>χ</i><sub>1</sub> is generated by the vacuum expectation value of a singlet scalar near the electroweak scale, naturally realizing a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) freeze-out scenario. Dark matter annihilation proceeds through scalar mediation, allowing the observed relic abundance to be reproduced while remaining consistent with current direct-detection constraints. It naturally realizes the secluded dark matter scenario and can be further tested in the next generation of experiments.</p>

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WIMP dark matter from a natural discrete gauge symmetry in the Standard Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Jie Sheng,
  • Tsutomu T. Yanagida,
  • Kairui Zhang

摘要

The internal structure of the Standard Model implies a natural ℤ4 × ℤ3 discrete gauge symmetry. Cancellation of the corresponding Dai-Freed anomalies requires the introduction of three right-handed neutrinos and three additional Majorana fermions χi. This gauge symmetry forbids the decay of the lightest fermion χ1 into Standard Model particles, rendering it automatically stable and providing a dark matter candidate without introducing an ad hoc stabilizing symmetry and domain-wall problem. The mass of χ1 is generated by the vacuum expectation value of a singlet scalar near the electroweak scale, naturally realizing a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) freeze-out scenario. Dark matter annihilation proceeds through scalar mediation, allowing the observed relic abundance to be reproduced while remaining consistent with current direct-detection constraints. It naturally realizes the secluded dark matter scenario and can be further tested in the next generation of experiments.