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<p>Cosmologically stable, light particles that came into thermal contact with the Standard Model in the early universe may persist today as a form of hot dark matter. For relics with masses in the eV range, their role in structure formation depends critically on their mass. We trace the evolution of such hot relics and derive their density profiles around cold dark matter halos, introducing a framework for their <i>indirect detection</i>. Applying this framework to axions — a natural candidate for a particle that can reach thermal equilibrium with the Standard Model in the early universe and capable of decaying into two photons — we establish stringent limits on the axion-photon coupling <i>g</i><sub><i>aγ</i></sub> using current observations of dwarf galaxies, the Milky Way halo, and galaxy clusters. Our results set new bounds on hot axions in the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26202_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="76" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \mathcal{O}\left(1-10\right) \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> eV range.</p>

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Indirect detection of hot dark matter

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月15日

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  • Jeff A. Dror,
  • Pearl Sandick,
  • Barmak Shams Es Haghi,
  • Fengwei Yang

摘要

Cosmologically stable, light particles that came into thermal contact with the Standard Model in the early universe may persist today as a form of hot dark matter. For relics with masses in the eV range, their role in structure formation depends critically on their mass. We trace the evolution of such hot relics and derive their density profiles around cold dark matter halos, introducing a framework for their indirect detection. Applying this framework to axions — a natural candidate for a particle that can reach thermal equilibrium with the Standard Model in the early universe and capable of decaying into two photons — we establish stringent limits on the axion-photon coupling gaγ using current observations of dwarf galaxies, the Milky Way halo, and galaxy clusters. Our results set new bounds on hot axions in the O 1 − 10 \( \mathcal{O}\left(1-10\right) \) eV range.