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<p>We analyse phenomenological signatures of Kalb-Ramond-like particles, described by an antisymmetric rank-2 tensor, when coupled to fermionic matter. The latter is modelled by a tensor current coupled directly to the Kalb-Ramond field or by a pseudovector current coupled to the rank-1 dual of the field-strength tensor. We obtain limits on the coupling constants to fermions and mass of the Kalb-Ramond-like particles by investigating their impact on the hyperfine splittings of hydrogen, the tree-level unitarity of the <i>S</i> matrix for <i>e</i><sup>−</sup> + <i>e</i><sup>+</sup> → <i>ℓ</i><sup>−</sup> + <i>ℓ</i><sup>+</sup> scattering with <i>ℓ</i> ≠ <i>e</i> and the differential cross section for Bhabha scattering. Assuming that the couplings to fermions are independent of the fermion species, the strongest 95%-CL bounds we find are from LEP data at <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26168_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="30" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msqrt> <mi>s</mi> </msqrt> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \sqrt{s} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 136<i>.</i>23 GeV, namely <i>g</i><sub>PV</sub>/Λ ≲ 6.3 × 10<sup>−13</sup> eV<sup>−1</sup> and <i>g</i><sub>T</sub> ≲ 1.3 × 10<sup>−12</sup> (<i>m</i>/eV), both for <i>m</i> ≪ <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_26168_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="30" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msqrt> <mi>s</mi> </msqrt> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \sqrt{s} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (here Λ is a characteristic energy scale). These limits can be improved in upcoming lepton colliders due to enhanced precision, as well as higher energies.</p>

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Experimental signatures of Kalb-Ramond-like particles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月9日

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  • P. C. Malta,
  • J. P. S. Melo,
  • C. A. D. Zarro

摘要

We analyse phenomenological signatures of Kalb-Ramond-like particles, described by an antisymmetric rank-2 tensor, when coupled to fermionic matter. The latter is modelled by a tensor current coupled directly to the Kalb-Ramond field or by a pseudovector current coupled to the rank-1 dual of the field-strength tensor. We obtain limits on the coupling constants to fermions and mass of the Kalb-Ramond-like particles by investigating their impact on the hyperfine splittings of hydrogen, the tree-level unitarity of the S matrix for e− + e+ → ℓ− + ℓ+ scattering with ℓ ≠ e and the differential cross section for Bhabha scattering. Assuming that the couplings to fermions are independent of the fermion species, the strongest 95%-CL bounds we find are from LEP data at s \( \sqrt{s} \) = 136.23 GeV, namely gPV/Λ ≲ 6.3 × 10−13 eV−1 and gT ≲ 1.3 × 10−12 (m/eV), both for m ≪ s \( \sqrt{s} \) (here Λ is a characteristic energy scale). These limits can be improved in upcoming lepton colliders due to enhanced precision, as well as higher energies.