Probing the gauge-boson couplings of axion-like particle at the LHC and high-luminosity LHC

In this work, we calculate the sensitivities on the gauge-boson couplings g_aZZ, g_aZγ, and g_aWW of an axion-like particle (ALP) that one can achieve at the LHC with $\sqrt{s}$ \( \sqrt{s} \) = 14 TeV and integrated luminosities of 300 fb⁻¹ (current run) and 3000 fb⁻¹ (High-Luminosity LHC). We focus on the associated production processes pp → Za → (l⁺l⁻)(γγ) and pp → W^±a → (l^±ν)(γγ). We show that better sensitivities on these gauge couplings can be achieved at the LHC for M_a = 1 – 100 GeV, down to the level of 10⁻⁴ GeV⁻¹. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the significance of the investigated channels in constraining the ALP couplings at the LHC, offering valuable insights for future experiments dedicated to ALP detection.