Gauge origami and quiver W-algebras

We explore the quantum algebraic formalism of the gauge origami system in ℂ⁴, where D2/D4/D6/D8-branes are present. We demonstrate that the contour integral formulas have free field interpretations, leading to the operator formalism of qq-characters associated with each D-brane. The qq-characters of D2 and D4-branes correspond to screening charges and generators of the affine quiver W-algebra, respectively. On the other hand, the qq-characters of D6 and D8-branes represent novel types of qq-characters, where monomial terms are characterized by plane partitions and solid partitions. The composition of these qq-characters yields the instanton partition functions of the gauge origami system, eventually establishing the BPS/CFT correspondence.

Additionally, we demonstrate that the fusion of qq-characters of D-branes in lower dimensions results in higher-dimensional D-brane qq-characters. We also investigate quadratic relations among these qq-characters. Furthermore, we explore the relationship with the representations, q-characters, and the Bethe ansatz equations of the quantum toroidal ${\mathfrak{gl}}_1$ \( {\mathfrak{gl}}_1 \) . This connection provides insights into the Bethe/Gauge correspondence of the gauge origami system from both gauge-theoretic and quantum-algebraic perspectives.

We finally present conjectures regarding generalizations to general toric Calabi-Yau four-folds. These generalizations imply the existence of an extensive class of qq-characters, which we call BPS qq-characters. These BPS qq-characters offer a new systematic approach to derive a broader range of BPS/CFT correspondence and Bethe/Gauge correspondence.