<p>The species cutoff is a moduli-dependent quantity signaling the onset of quantum gravitational phenomena, whose form can be oftentimes determined from higher-derivative and higher-curvature corrections within low-energy gravitational EFTs. In this work, we point out that these Wilson coefficients are eigenfunctions of an appropriate second-order elliptic operator defined over moduli space in theories with more than four supercharges. This was already known to be the case for the leading <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="script">R</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathcal{R}}^4 \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-correction to the two-derivative (bosonic) action of maximal supergravity in <i>d</i> ≤ 10. Here, we reconsider this fact from the Swampland point of view and show how, in <i>d</i> = 10, 9, 8, solving a Laplace equation imposes non-trivial restrictions on the species hull vectors. We further argue that this property is also satisfied in settings with less supersymmetry. In particular, we focus on the <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="script">R</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathcal{R}}^4 \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-operator in minimal supergravity theories in <i>d</i> = 10, 9, and on the leading <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="script">R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathcal{R}}^2 \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-term in setups with 8 supercharges in <i>d</i> = 6, 5, 4. Finally, we provide a symmetry-based criterion for determining when the relevant elliptic operator should be the Laplacian. A bottom-up rationale for this constraint remains to be fully understood, and we conclude by outlining some compelling possibilities.</p>

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Laplacians in various dimensions and the swampland

  • C. Aoufia,
  • A. Castellano,
  • L. E. Ibáñez

摘要

The species cutoff is a moduli-dependent quantity signaling the onset of quantum gravitational phenomena, whose form can be oftentimes determined from higher-derivative and higher-curvature corrections within low-energy gravitational EFTs. In this work, we point out that these Wilson coefficients are eigenfunctions of an appropriate second-order elliptic operator defined over moduli space in theories with more than four supercharges. This was already known to be the case for the leading R 4 \( {\mathcal{R}}^4 \) -correction to the two-derivative (bosonic) action of maximal supergravity in d ≤ 10. Here, we reconsider this fact from the Swampland point of view and show how, in d = 10, 9, 8, solving a Laplace equation imposes non-trivial restrictions on the species hull vectors. We further argue that this property is also satisfied in settings with less supersymmetry. In particular, we focus on the R 4 \( {\mathcal{R}}^4 \) -operator in minimal supergravity theories in d = 10, 9, and on the leading R 2 \( {\mathcal{R}}^2 \) -term in setups with 8 supercharges in d = 6, 5, 4. Finally, we provide a symmetry-based criterion for determining when the relevant elliptic operator should be the Laplacian. A bottom-up rationale for this constraint remains to be fully understood, and we conclude by outlining some compelling possibilities.