Anomaly enforced gaplessness and symmetry fractionalization for Spin_G symmetries

Symmetries and their anomalies give strong constraints on renormalization group (RG) flows of quantum field theories. Recently, the identification of a theory’s global symmetries with its topological sector has provided additional constraints on RG flows to symmetry preserving gapped phases due to mathematical results in category and topological quantum field theory. In this paper, we derive constraints on RG flows from ℤ₂-valued pure- and mixed-gravitational anomalies that can only be activated on non-spin manifolds. We show that such anomalies cannot be matched by a unitary, symmetry preserving gapped phase without symmetry fractionalization. In particular, we discuss examples that commonly arise in 4d gauge theories with fermions.