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<p>Employing techniques from scattering amplitudes and effective field theory, we model the dynamics of hierarchical triples, which are three-body systems composed of two bodies separated by a distance <i>r</i> and a third body a distance <i>ρ</i> away, with <i>r</i> ≪ <i>ρ</i>. We apply the method of regions to systematically expand in the small ratio <i>r</i>/<i>ρ</i> and illustrate this approach for evaluating Fourier transform integrals, which have been the bottleneck for deriving complete results in position space. In the limit where the distant third body is much heavier than the other two, we derive new analytic results in position space for the three-body conservative potential at <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mi>G</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2\right) \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and at leading and next-to-leading order in <i>r</i>/<i>ρ</i>. We also derive new results for arbitrary masses in the rest frame of the distant particle. Our results are exact in velocity, and can be used in analyses involving both bound and unbound hierarchical triples in astrophysical systems.</p>

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The hierarchical three-body problem at \( \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2\right) \)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月30日

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  • Mikhail P. Solon,
  • Anna M. Wolz

摘要

Employing techniques from scattering amplitudes and effective field theory, we model the dynamics of hierarchical triples, which are three-body systems composed of two bodies separated by a distance r and a third body a distance ρ away, with r ≪ ρ. We apply the method of regions to systematically expand in the small ratio r/ρ and illustrate this approach for evaluating Fourier transform integrals, which have been the bottleneck for deriving complete results in position space. In the limit where the distant third body is much heavier than the other two, we derive new analytic results in position space for the three-body conservative potential at O G 2 \( \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2\right) \) and at leading and next-to-leading order in r/ρ. We also derive new results for arbitrary masses in the rest frame of the distant particle. Our results are exact in velocity, and can be used in analyses involving both bound and unbound hierarchical triples in astrophysical systems.